{"id":3247,"date":"2024-10-09T12:15:05","date_gmt":"2024-10-09T09:15:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/?p=3247"},"modified":"2024-10-11T08:55:56","modified_gmt":"2024-10-11T05:55:56","slug":"barry-schwartz-pasirinkimu-paradoksas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/index.php\/2024\/10\/09\/barry-schwartz-pasirinkimu-paradoksas\/","title":{"rendered":"Barry Schwartz. Pasirinkim\u0173 paradoksas"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/index.php\/product\/zurnalas-kelione-2022-m-nr-iv\/\">\u00a0\u201eKelion\u0117\u201c\u00a02022 m. Nr. IV <\/a><\/p><p><em>Ekonomi\u0161kai i\u0161sivys\u010diusios vakar\u0173 \u0161alys turi k\u0105 pasi\u016blyti. Pasirinkim\u0173 begal\u0117s&nbsp;\u2013 ar parduotuv\u0117je rinksiesi pien\u0105, d\u017einsus ar kirpimo paslaugas. Turi i\u0161 ko pasirinkti. Bet ar per didelis pasirinkimas nesuteikia ir nuovargio bei nei\u0161vengiamo nusivylimo? Ar galimyb\u0117 rinktis i\u0161 tiek daug skirting\u0173 variant\u0173 suteikia tik laisv\u0117s iliuzij\u0105, nebeatne\u0161dama pasitenkinimo? \u0160i\u0105 tem\u0105 nagrin\u0117ja psichologijos profesorius, knygos \u201ePasirinkim\u0173 paradoksas\u201c autorius Barry Schwatz.<\/em><\/p><p><strong>Ar daugiau yra geriau?<\/strong><\/p><p>Vakar\u0173 pasaulyje vyrauja m\u0105stymas, kad visuomen\u0117s gerov\u0117 priklauso nuo savaranki\u0161ko pilie\u010di\u0173 veikimo ir laisv\u0117s rinktis. Spr\u0119sdami patys \u017emon\u0117s kuria sau palankesn\u012f gyvenim\u0105. Kuo daugiau galimybi\u0173 rinktis, tuo geresnius sprendimus galime priimti. Ekonomi\u0161kai i\u0161sivys\u010diusios \u0161alys si\u016blo vartotojams tiek daug variant\u0173 k\u0105 pirkti, kuo u\u017esiimti, kaip atrodyti, kad, rodos, visada \u012fmanoma rasti tobulai sau tinkamus.<\/p><p>Parduotuv\u0117je, rinkdamiesi pada\u017e\u0105 salotoms, turime tiek daug pasirinkim\u0173, kad gali apsvaigti galva. Lyginame kainas, pakuotes, kilm\u0119, ingredientus\u2026 Kuris geriausias? Kuris labiausiai pateisins m\u016bs\u0173 l\u016bkes\u010dius? Nesvarbu, kok\u012f daikt\u0105 pirksime ar kokios paslaugos ie\u0161kosime, visur tur\u0117sime priimti sprendimus, kur\u012f variant\u0105 pasirinkti.<\/p><p>Net nu\u0117j\u0119 pas gydytoj\u0105, da\u017enai i\u0161girsime pasi\u016blymus ir variantus, k\u0105 galime daryti, kokius vaistus gerti, o galutin\u012f sprendim\u0105 priimsime patys. Tai m\u016bs\u0173 pa\u010di\u0173 atsakomyb\u0117. Ir laisv\u0117, ir na\u0161ta spr\u0119sti, ko tiksliai norime. Net ir tada, kai nor\u0117t\u0173si, kad ka\u017ekas nuspr\u0119st\u0173 u\u017e mus.<\/p><p>Dabar patys kasdien kuriame savo identitet\u0105, susiduriame su vis ma\u017eiau r\u0117minan\u010di\u0173 \u012fsitikinim\u0173, kokie turime b\u016bti ar kaip gyventi.<\/p><p>Technologiniai i\u0161radimai padeda mums nenutolti nuo darbini\u0173 reikal\u0173, kur beb\u016btume. S\u0117d\u0117dami koncerte ir jausdami, kaip ki\u0161en\u0117je nuo at\u0117jusi\u0173 elektronini\u0173 lai\u0161k\u0173 vibruoja telefonas, mes priimame sprendim\u0105, ar \u012f tai reaguoti, ar ne. \u0160i situacija neabejotinai kei\u010dia m\u016bs\u0173 buvimo kokyb\u0119, net jei telefono i\u0161 ki\u0161en\u0117s t\u0105 vakar\u0105 ir nei\u0161sitraukiame.<\/p><p><strong>Bet gal gal\u0117jau geriau?<\/strong><\/p><p>Seniau pasirinkim\u0173 buvo ma\u017eiau. Dabar n\u0117ra gyvenimo srities, kur nereikt\u0173 priimti begal\u0117s savaranki\u0161k\u0173 sprendim\u0173. Gerai tai ar blogai?<\/p><p>Pasirinkim\u0173 \u012fvairov\u0117 ir pla\u010dios galimyb\u0117s turi daug privalum\u0173, praturtinan\u010di\u0173 m\u016bs\u0173 gyvenim\u0105, suteikian\u010di\u0173 daugiau savaranki\u0161kumo ir atsakomyb\u0117s u\u017e savo sprendimus. Apie ger\u0105j\u0105 \u0161iuolaikinio pasaulio, leid\u017eian\u010dio rinktis, pus\u0119 galime kalb\u0117ti daug. Bet yra ir kita perspektyva.<\/p><p>Per didelis pasirinkim\u0173 skai\u010dius ne i\u0161laisvina, o paraly\u017eiuoja. Variant\u0173 tiek daug, kad pradedame kelti vis didesnius l\u016bkes\u010dius ir siek\u012f i\u0161sirinkti tobulai. Ir da\u017eniausiai nusiviliame, nes m\u0105stome, kad galb\u016bt gal\u0117jome i\u0161sirinkti ir k\u0105 kito, galimai geresnio. Galimybi\u0173 tiek daug, kad baisu praleisti \u0161ans\u0105, o visuomet <em>laim\u0117ti <\/em>tiesiog ne\u012fmanoma.<\/p><p>Norime investuoti santaupas \u012f geriausi\u0105 fond\u0105. Pasirinkti geriausi\u0105 universitet\u0105 studijuoti. Atvykus savaitgaliui \u012f didel\u012f miest\u0105, papietauti geriausiame restorane. Bijome suklysti ir pasirinkti neteisingai. Mintis, kad <em>susimausime<\/em>, baugina ir kelia nerim\u0105.<\/p><p>Jei t\u0105 baim\u0119 nugalime ir galiausiai sprendim\u0105 priimame, grei\u010diausiai m\u016bs\u0173 pasitenkinimas priimtu sprendimu bus menkas, lyginant su tuo, koks jis b\u016bt\u0173, jei b\u016btume rink\u0119si i\u0161 gerokai ma\u017eiau variant\u0173.<\/p><p>Kaip da\u017enai ie\u0161kant geriausio filmo vakarui, tiek i\u0161vargstame, kad pats \u017ei\u016brimas filmas, kur\u012f taip ilgai rinkom\u0117s, jau nelabai ir d\u017eiugina?<\/p><p>Mil\u017eini\u0161kas galim\u0173 pasirinkim\u0173 kiekis suponuoja, kad egzistuoja tobulas variantas. Jei ka\u017ekas turi tr\u016bkum\u0173, vadinasi, gal\u0117jo b\u016bti geriau.<\/p><p>Ie\u0161kant su kuo nueiti \u012f pasimatym\u0105 per <em>tinder <\/em>platform\u0105, susiduriame su tiek daug skirting\u0173 potenciali\u0173 romantini\u0173 partneri\u0173, kad kiekvienas sutiktas atrodo lengvai pakei\u010diamas \u012f geresn\u012f. Nes gal tai dar n\u0117ra geriausias variantas, kok\u012f galime sau rasti?<\/p><p><strong>Pasirinkimas yra praradimas<\/strong><\/p><p>Mes ai\u0161kiai jau\u010diame, kad pasirinkdami vien\u0105 dalyk\u0105, atsisakome kito, kuris turi sav\u0173 plius\u0173 ir negali \u017einoti, ar n\u0117ra geresnis, ar ka\u017ekuo ypatingesnis. Sunku d\u017eiaugtis savo pasirinkimu, net jei jis tikrai atitinka l\u016bkes\u010dius, nes kartu jau\u010diame ir praradimo kart\u0117l\u012f. Gali m\u0117gautis atostogomis Korfu saloje, bet draug\u0117s nuotraukos i\u0161 Nicos tokios gra\u017eios, kad pradedi ma\u017eiau \u017eav\u0117tis Graikijos papl\u016bdimiais.<\/p><p>Po daugelio met\u0173, visi\u0161kai sud\u0117v\u0117jus savo senus d\u017einsus, tenka keliauti \u012fsigyti nauj\u0173. Pardav\u0117ja i\u0161vardina tiek daug skirting\u0173 modeli\u0173, m\u0117lynos spalvos atspalvi\u0173, skirting\u0173 u\u017esegim\u0173, kad nebeai\u0161ku, nuo ko prad\u0117ti. Galiausiai nusiperki tokius, kurie tikrai puikiai tinka. Tinka labiau nei senieji, kuriuos ne\u0161iojai tiek met\u0173. Bet d\u017eiaugsmo nauju pirkiniu nedaug.<\/p><p>Turint tiek daug pasirinkim\u0173, l\u016bkes\u010diai, kokius d\u017einsus \u012fsigyti, gerokai i\u0161augo. Ir galutinis pasirinkimas tikrai geras. Bet ar tikrai <em>pakankamai <\/em>geras?<\/p><p>Kai nieko nesitik\u0117davai, nes \u017einojai, kad nelabai yra i\u0161 ko rinktis, rad\u0119s geresn\u012f daikt\u0105, maloniai nustebdavai. Daikt\u0173 pertekliaus pasaulyje keliami standartai labai auk\u0161ti. Maloniai nustebti beveik ne\u012fmanoma, nes tikimasi itin daug.<\/p><p><strong>Atsakomyb\u0117 u\u017e pasirinkimus<\/strong><\/p><p>Kai n\u0117ra pasirinkimo, u\u017esisakytas dienos patiekalas nuvilia ir mintyse kaltiname restoran\u0105, kuris negal\u0117jo pasi\u016blyti ka\u017eko geresnio. Bet kai i\u0161 ilgiausio meniu i\u0161sirenki tai, kas pasirodo ne itin skanu, kaltas lieki tu pats.<\/p><p>Klinikin\u0117s depresijos, savi\u017eudybi\u0173 mastas ekonomi\u0161kai turtingose valstyb\u0117se auga spar\u010diai. Nes nusivylimas savimi, kalt\u0117 ir g\u0117da itin gaji. \u017di\u016brint i\u0161ori\u0161kai, mums sekasi geriau nei bet kada. Bet jau\u010diam\u0117s tik blogiau. Nes kiekvienas \u201egeras\u201c dalykas atrodo \u201enepakankamai geras\u201c. Tampame savo pa\u010di\u0173 l\u016bkes\u010di\u0173 \u012fkaitais ir u\u017esidarome nelaiming\u0173 \u017emoni\u0173, turin\u010di\u0173 visko aps\u010diai, rate.<\/p><p><strong>Ar ma\u017eiau yra daugiau?<\/strong><\/p><p>Gal\u0117ti rinktis yra privilegija. Netur\u0117ti pasirinkimo&nbsp;\u2013 tai kent\u0117ti ka\u017ekieno kito apspr\u0119stoje paradigmoje. \u0160imtai pasirinkim\u0173 vietoj de\u0161imties neb\u016btinai atne\u0161 daugiau pasitenkinimo.<\/p><p>Kai kuriose pasaulio vietose pasirinkimo yra per ma\u017eai. Galimybi\u0173 perteklius&nbsp;\u2013 materialiai apsir\u016bpinusio Vakar\u0173 pasaulio problema. Perteklius ne ma\u017eiau problemati\u0161kas kaip ir stygius. Kra\u0161tutinumai gimdo nelaimingas visuomenes.<\/p><p>Yra dalyk\u0173, kuriuos gyvenime reikia rinktis labai atsakingai. Yra sri\u010di\u0173, kurios mus itin domina ir joms negaila skirto laiko, ir priimti sprendimai suteikia pasitenkinim\u0105, nes pats lyginimo ir tyrin\u0117jimo procesas b\u016bna malonus.<\/p><p>Bet netur\u0117tume \u012f visas gyvenimo sritis ir pasirinkimus \u017evelgti vienodai. Yra dalyk\u0173, kurie tur\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti paprastesni ir ma\u017eiau mentaliai sekinti.<\/p><p>\u017durnalisto paklaustas, kod\u0117l visuomet d\u0117vi vien\u0105 i\u0161 trij\u0173 kostium\u0173 ir baltus mar\u0161kinius, JAV prezidentas Barack Obama nusisteb\u0117j\u0119s atsak\u0117: \u201eAr bent \u012fsivaizduojate, kiek svarbi\u0173 sprendim\u0173 turiu priimti kiekvien\u0105 dien\u0105? Tai, kokius mar\u0161kinius d\u0117v\u0117ti, netur\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti vienu i\u0161 j\u0173.\u201c<\/p><p>Kartais turime sustoti ir atskirti, kas mums svarbu, o kas nelabai. Ir \u012f ma\u017eiau reik\u0161mingus pasirinkimus \u017evelgti ne perfekcionisti\u0161kai, bet su nuostata, kad man tai \u201epakankamai gerai\u201c. Ir to pakanka.<\/p><p><em>Pareng\u0117 Dominyka Navickait\u0117<\/em>.<\/p><p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ar per didelis pasirinkimas nesuteikia ir nuovargio bei nei\u0161vengiamo nusivylimo? Ar galimyb\u0117 rinktis i\u0161 tiek daug skirting\u0173 variant\u0173 suteikia tik laisv\u0117s iliuzij\u0105, nebeatne\u0161dama pasitenkinimo?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3248,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[430,432,433,431,60,35,259],"class_list":["post-3247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sielogyda","tag-barry-schwartz","tag-dilema","tag-dominyka-navickaite","tag-galimybes","tag-kelione","tag-pasirinkimai","tag-problema"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564-768x513.jpg",768,513,true],"large":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564-1024x684.jpg",950,635,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564-1536x1026.jpg",1536,1026,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564.jpg",1706,1139,false],"inspiro-featured-image":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564.jpg",1706,1139,false],"inspiro-loop":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564-950x320.jpg",950,320,true],"inspiro-loop@2x":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564-1706x640.jpg",1706,640,true],"menu-24x24":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564-24x16.jpg",24,16,true],"menu-36x36":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564-36x24.jpg",36,24,true],"menu-48x48":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564-48x32.jpg",48,32,true],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564-600x400.jpg",600,400,true],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564-100x100.jpg",100,100,true],"portfolio_item-thumbnail":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564-600x400.jpg",600,400,true],"portfolio_item-thumbnail@2x":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564-1200x800.jpg",1200,800,true],"portfolio_item-masonry":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564-600x401.jpg",600,401,true],"portfolio_item-masonry@2x":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564-1200x801.jpg",1200,801,true],"portfolio_item-thumbnail_cinema":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564-800x335.jpg",800,335,true],"portfolio_item-thumbnail_portrait":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564-600x900.jpg",600,900,true],"portfolio_item-thumbnail_portrait@2x":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564-1200x1139.jpg",1200,1139,true],"portfolio_item-thumbnail_square":["https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pexels-photo-4946407.jpeg-e1728465167564-800x800.jpg",800,800,true]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3247"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oldoriginal.zurnalaskelione.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\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